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什么是breaking news, 中文应该如何翻译?

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Breaking news,常被新闻类网站用来进行自我介绍,比如:go to nbcnews.com for breaking news。也时常出现在网站的某条新闻标题的前面,或在新闻App的推送通知中,比如:BREAKING: Victim, Suspect Identified in Theodore Homicide。那么breaking news到底表示什么意思呢?Collins English Dictionary对其的英文解释为:news of events that have taken place very recently or are in the process of taking place(刚刚发生的,或正在进行中的新闻或事件),这也是大多数在线词典通常会给出的解释。不过Will认为,ThoughtCo一篇文章(见参考链接(1))中的解释更为准确:Breaking news refers to events that are currently developing, or “breaking.” Breaking news usually refers to events that are unexpected, such as a plane crash or building fire. 注意下划线部分指出,Breaking news常指意外发生的事件,比如:空难,或大楼火灾。Quora和Yahoo Answers(见参考链接(2),(3))上关于breaking news这一说法起源(origin)的讨论也印证了ThoughtCo的说法,breaking的意思指“中断、打断(interrupt)”(节目的正常播出),以插播某条关于最新/重大事件的报道。那么breaking news该如何翻译呢?个人认为,“重大事件”,或“突发新闻”,都是可以的。以上仅为个人观点,也欢迎读者和我分享你的观点。

参考链接:

(1) https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-breaking-news-story-2073757

(2) https://www.quora.com/How-did-the-term-Breaking-News-originate

(3) https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080320233256AAFzVMy

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什么是parked domain?

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Parked domain,是主机空间(web hosting)里的一个概念。

根据美国知名主机商Bluehost的定义:“Parked domains are basically an alias domain name to your primary domain, it will be pointing to the same webpages as your primary domain is pointing to, i.e. multiple domains, same website.” Parked domain是你的主域名的别名(alias),也就是说,除了主域名外,你还可以设置另一个(或多个)域名,访问者通过该域名,能访问到与主域名站点的相同内容。一般来说,设置parked domain的目的是为了网站营销,或防止主站域名无法访问等意外情况发生。

参考英文例句:Can you show me how to setup a parked domain in my hosting account?(你能教我怎么在我的主机账户中设置parked domain吗?)。

需要注意的是,parked domain,和domain parking,二者可代表不同的意思。Domain parking可能指:一个已注册,但并未建设实际站点的域名。有时,域名的拥有者会为该域名设置一个简单的页面,在页面上挂一些广告,以获取广告收入(见参考链接(2))。这种domain parking的做法,中文里被称为“域名停靠”(见参考链接(3))。

参考链接:

(1) https://my.bluehost.com/hosting/help/79

(2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_parking

(3) 域名停靠(百度百科)

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Hands down在美国俚语中是什么意思?

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Hands down是一个常用的美国俚语,根据UrbanDictionary,其英文释义为: Used when talking about whether something is easily the best. 即:Hands down用来表示:某件事物毫无疑问是最好的。Hands down常被用来加重语气。

至于hands down这个表达的出处,TheFreeDictionary的解释如下:Originally a horse-racing expression, win hands down meant that a jockey was so certain of victory in the closing stages of a race that he could lower his hands, thereby relaxing his hold on the reins and ceasing to urge on his horse. 大意是说:在赛马中,由于骑师对自己的取胜有十足把握,因此在最后赛段放低自己的手,继而放松缰绳,无需再催促坐骑。

参考英文例句:Warren Buffett is hands down the best stock investor ever. (沃伦巴非特绝对是最好的股票投资者)This is hands down, my favorite fried chicken joint. (这家的炸鸡绝对是我的最爱。)”Best jerky hands down!”(”最好吃的牛肉干,不解释!”)This is hands down the best movie of the year.(这部毫无疑问是今年的最佳电影。)

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Past due的意思及用法

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Past due常出现在金融有关的语境中,其英文释义为:past the date on which a payment should have been made,即:超过了本应付款的日期。中文里可翻译为:逾期。多见于信用卡还款、偿还贷款相关表述中,如:a past due bill(逾期账单),a past due loan(逾期贷款)。Cambridge Dictionary将past due的词性划归为形容词(adjective),可见,past due常与系动词连用,或用来修饰名词。见英文例句:Your bill is past due.(你的账单逾期了。)According to the report, 4.3% of all mortgages were 30 days past due.(根据该报告,4.3%的按揭房贷逾期达30天。)It’s a tough job to collect payments on past due loans.(要收回那些逾期的贷款着实不易。)另外,大家注意在使用中不要把past due误写成passed due。

参考链接:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/past%20due

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/past-due.asp

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关于getaway在美式口语中的意思

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在美式口语中,或非正式(informal)的说法中,getaway经常出现。Getaway的本意是:an escape or quick departure, especially after committing a crime. 逃脱,或快速离开,尤指在犯罪后。”The thugs made their getaway“(暴徒们逃掉了。)They’ve found the burglar’s getaway car.(他们找到了窃贼逃离时所开的车子。)但在口语中,getaway常用来指(1)a vacation(假期),a short holiday(短期假日)。注意getaway表示”短期度假”的用法尤其常见;(2)a place suitable for a vacation.(一个适合度假之地。)我们来看上面两种含义的英文例句:Don’t let a snowy forecast stop you from setting aside time for a quick winter getaway.(别让雪天的预报阻止你安排冬季短假。)From the moment we arrived we knew we had found our perfect getaway.(从抵达的那一刻起,我们就知道自己找到了完美的度假地。)

参考链接:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/getaway

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Who knows what, 这个短语你会用吗?

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Who knows what, 这个英文短语的意思是:谁知道什么。更确切地说,是指:说不清楚的事情;无法提供更多细节的事情。在使用上,who knows what常整体充当名词。参考Thefreedictionary给出的英文释义:One or more things described with no detail。通过几个例句我们可以更好地掌握这个短语的用法: Y’all will just have to accept that sometimes the statistics are not moving in real time because of who knows what.(你们都得接受有时候统计数据就是不会实时显示,至于是什么原因导致的这种问题无从得知。)Our junk drawer has old remotes, instruction manuals, and who knows what else in it.(我们的杂物抽桌里有旧遥控器,使用手册,以及一些天知道是什么的东西。)

参考链接:

http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/who+knows+what

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/335440/past-tense-and-the-phrase-who-knows-what

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什么是Inc?(简单介绍)

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好吧,Will其实一直对Co, Ltd., LLC, Inc, Company, Corporation,  corp, S/C corporation, firm这几个概念也比较模糊,本来想好好比较一下这些术语之间的区别,但是最近时间、精力都比较有限,刚好看到一些资料,就先简单说说Inc吧,以后有机会再梳理其他几种公司形式。Inc是incorporated(incorporated company,股份有限公司)的缩写,其用法主要见于北美地区(north American)。而incorporated company,是分离的法人实体(legal entity)。这意味着inc独立承担税务及债务(而无需公司管理层或员工负责),可以发售股票进行融资(raise money)。由于Inc的运营成本较高,涉及的法律层面也更为复杂,因此美国小企业管理机构(U.S. Small Business Administration)建议小规模的企业不要组建股份公司。在美国的一些州,股份有限公司必须在公司名称后添加Inc.,加以标识。如果要举个Inc.例子的话,对大多数人而言,最耳熟能详的莫过于Apple Inc.,以及Google, Inc.了。

参考链接:

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-inc-ltd-co-38627.html

http://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-common-types-business-formats-21109.html

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Week in review的意思及用法

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你可能经常会看到week in review的说法,但却对其确切含义把握不准,下面我们一起来看看week in review的具体意思及用法。Week in review,中文意思是:一周回顾。这里的week,是周。而in review,则指“快速回顾”(going through the past in a flash)。review这个词本身就具有:检查、回顾、评估的意思。Week in review有时也用连接符串起所有单词,如:week-in-review。Week in review可用作形容词,亦可作为名词。参考英文例句:Our Week in Review column provides an overview of the past week’s top health care content, including industry news and trends.(我们的”本周回顾”栏目提供过去一周内重要的卫生保健资讯,包括行业新闻以及趋势。)The Commentary Week in Review is posted on our blog every Friday.(评述性质的“一周回顾”于每周五发布在我们的博客上。)Check out our Week in Review for top headlines you might have missed this week.(若要查看本周你可能错过的重大头条,可以访问我们的”一周回顾”。)

参考链接:

https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/71413/in-review-or-under-review

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Company vs. corporation, 二者的区别是什么?

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Company和corporation,在英文中都能代表”公司”,那么二者在含义上有何区别呢?总体而言,company涵盖的范围比较宽泛,它可以指任何类型/形式的企业,包括:sole proprietorship(独资), partnership(合伙), limited liability company(有限责任公司), limited liability partnership(有限责任合伙),或是corporation。而corporation,范围则小得多,它指独立的法人实体,可对外发行股票融资,其所有人是股东(shareholders)。因此,如果要从翻译上对二者进行区分的话,可以将company译为“公司”,而corporation译为“股份有限公司”。Quora上有一个回答总结得很到位:”All corporations are companies, but not all companies are corporations. “(所有的corporation都是company,但并非所有的corporation都是company。)

参考链接:

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-a-company-and-a-corporation

股份有限公司

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关于One up的意思及用法

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One up,这个短语大家可能有些陌生,但实际上它在美语中的使用频率也不算低,那么one up这个貌似怪怪的短语是什么意思呢?Thefreedictionary给出的英文释义为:To keep one step ahead of (a competitor or opponent, for example)。即,领先对手一步,或胜出竞争者一筹。在用法上,one up,常用作形容词,例如:“you’re always trying to be one up on whoever you’re with”(你总是试图超过你身边的人。)注意这个例句中,one up与系动词be连用,并使用了介词on。此外,如果one up中间用连接符相连(one-up),则常用作动词。例如:They one-upped the competition.(他们在竞争中胜出一筹。)Pepsi one-ups Budweiser brewer by ordering 100 Tesla electric semi trucks.(百事订购100辆特斯拉电动半挂卡车,略胜百威。)最后,Will想起投资大师彼得.林奇(Peter Lynch)的经典畅销书《One Up On Wall Street》,中译名叫《战胜华尔街》,想来这里的one up,应该也是“胜出”的意思吧?

参考链接:

www.thefreedictionary.com/one-up

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什么是asking price?

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Asking price,其英文释义为:the amount of money someone wants when they sell something, especially a building or a piece of land。即:卖家出售一样物品时的开价(或要价),尤指建筑物或土地。近日,推特上有消息指:Jerry Richardson will put Carolina Panthers up for sale(Jerry Richardson将出售Carolina Panthers这支橄榄球队)。有推特用户就评论道:Wonder what asking price will be?(不知会开价多少呢?)Asking price也被称为offer price,有时也直接简化为ask。与asking price相对的是bidding price(出价)。

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ask_price

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对contango的简单理解

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关于英文单词contango的解释有不少,但很少能有简单易懂的。就连维基百科上有关contango的词条解释也写得让人不明觉厉,而Khan Academy的视频讲解了4分多钟,看完依旧是云里雾里。到目前为止,唯一让我觉得能看懂的解释来自CommodityHQ.com,现摘录其英文释义如下:By definition, contango is the process whereby near-month futures are cheaper than those expiring further into the future, creating an upward sloping curve for futures prices over time. The reason behind this is most often attributed to storage costs; storing barrels of oil or bushels of corn isn’t cheap, and the costs have to be passed down the line. (原文见参考链接(1))这段话的大意是讲:contango是指一种近月期货价格比远月期货价格要便宜的现象,从图表上来看,会形成一条向上走的期货价格斜线。通常,造成这一现象的原因是仓储成本。存储大批量的原油、玉米价格不菲,这种成本会被转嫁到远月期货价格中去。这个解释也许不是最权威的,但是对我而言,能够让我从某个角度较好地理解什么是contango,这就足够了。顺带提一下,contango,是期货中的一个概念,中文里翻译过来叫:升水。

参考链接:

(1) http://commodityhq.com/education/what-is-contango/

(2) https://www.ft.com/content/159cade8-9be0-11e4-a6b6-00144feabdc0

(3) http://www.investinganswers.com/financial-dictionary/commodities-precious-metals/contango-1282

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关于Kick back(kickback)的意思及用法

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Kick back,在美式口语/俚语中常用来表示(to) relax,即:放松。参考英文例句:Leave all your problems behind. For now, just Kick back and enjoy the moment. (忘掉你所有的烦恼,现在,你只需放松,享受当下。)注意,当kick back连起来构成一个词时,则意思完全不同,kickback表示“回扣”、“好处费”(A kickback is a sum of money that is paid to someone illegally, for example money which a company pays someone to arrange for the company to be chosen to do an important job),维基百科将其定性为:bribery(贿赂)。我们看个例句:Kickbacks between a contractor and a government official or government employee are prosecuted under the federal Bribery statute.(按照联邦行贿法令,合同商与政府官员或雇员的回扣行为遭到起诉。)

参考链接:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kick-back

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“年假”的英文怎么说?

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对于众多上班族而言,年假是一年中难得的放松、休憩机会,人们往往利用年假去到心仪的地方度假。年假在美式英语中的说法是:annual leave,Wikipedia对其的英文解释为:Annual leave is paid time off work granted by employers to employees to be used for whatever the employee wishes.即:年假是雇主授予雇员的带薪休假时间,可作任何个人用途。由此可见,annual leave,通常就是指“带薪年假”。当然,如果要强调年假是带薪的(以免引起误解),也可以说:paid annual leave。参考英文例句:The purpose of this policy is to define employees’ eligibility for annual leave, accrual and use rules.(本政策的目的是对员工休年假的条件、假期累计、以及使用规则进行界定。)You can save up to 45 days (360 hours) of annual leave. Any amount above 45 days is forfeited.(你最多可以留存45天(360小时)的年假。未休年假超过45天以外的部分视为放弃。)

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To be the best, you must learn from the best…

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昨天Will在逛国外网站Success.com时,偶然看到一句广告banner(横幅)的英文广告词:“To be the best, you must learn from the best… “。这句话的中文意思是说:要做到最优秀,你必须向最优秀的人学习。貌似简单的一句宣传语,却蕴含了深刻的道理。成功者之所以成功,不外乎他们找到了通向成功的方法和规律。因此,善于研究、借鉴他人的成功经验,可以让自己少走弯路,希望这句话对那些还在自行摸索的人们能带来一点启发(inspiration)。

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“下修”,英文如何翻译比较恰当?

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下修,常指将原有数据做细微的向下调整,使得数值比原值更低。下修的意思近似于“调降”、“下调”。在英文中,可以考虑使用revise down这个说法。这里的revise,指:修订、调整。down,则指往下的方向。参考英语例句:U.S. Third-Quarter Growth Revised Down to 3.2% (美国第三季度增长率下修至3.2%)。The rate was revised down from 0.5% because the key services sector grew more slowly than had been thought.(由于关键的服务业增长逊于预期,速率遭调降至0.5%)。

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Turnaround的三种常见意思及用法

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Turnaround这个英文单词有3种常见意思,在使用时应加以区分。下面我们快速看看其不同的含义及用法:(1) Turnaround,表示“改善”、“渐有起色”、“由差变好”、“(出现)转机”。如:CVS and Walgreens Could Be Headed in Opposite Directions–CVS stock looks like it is making a turnaround. WBA is a different story.(CVS和Walgreens走势或截然相反–CVS股价有望走强,而WBA则是另一番光景。)(2) 可以指“周转”,即完成一项任务所需的流程(process)或时间。如:a seven-day turnaround(7天的周转期)。(3) turnaround还可以表示车辆的“调头区”(掉头区),常位于道路的尽头,或路口处,供车辆调转方向(reverse course, make a U-turn)后继续行驶。

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一段关于设立目标的英文,非常喜欢

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上午在Google偶然看到了一段关于设定目标的话,颇为喜欢并赞同。分享如下:Set some goals. Stay quiet about them. Smash the shit out of them. Clap for your damn self.(给自己定下目标。别声张。默默地把它们统统实现。为牛逼的自我喝彩。)目标就像是人生的航行图,缺了它,生活就会成为一场漫无目的的随波逐流。更多的时候,我们虽设定了目标,却因为难以企及而中途放弃。又或者,我们给自己的设定的目标不够切实、量化,导致目标空有美丽的躯壳,却不具备可执行性。如果你也遇到了类似的问题,愿你在新的一年里能重新找回自己的目标,勇敢地去实现它!

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性侵,英文该如何表达?

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性侵,是指一方在违背另一方意愿的情况下实施的性侵犯,这种侵犯行为可能包括:性接触(sexual contact)、乃至强暴(rape)。在英文中,性侵可以翻译为:sexual assault。这里的sexual,指与性(sex)有关的,而assault,则指攻击,可能包括进入(penetration)。Quora上有个相关的问答(见参考链接(1)),将性侵和强暴的区别解释得很清楚。有位高票的答者一言以蔽之:Sexual assault is an umbrella of unwanted sexual contact, under which rape falls. Rape is forced penetration. 参考英文例句:Gymnastics doctor Larry Nassar pleads guilty to sexual assault charges. (体操医生Larry Nassar对性侵指控认罪。)

参考链接:

(1) https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-sexual-assault-and-Rape

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Probe, 两种常见意思及用法

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Probe这个单词有两种常见的意思和用法,第一种意思常用来表示调查(Investigate),比方说:The judge has decided to probe the corruption case in July. (法官决定在七月份调查这桩腐败案件)。另一种则常常表示“测试”(test)。例如:Jesse Livermore pioneered a probing strategy that can help stock investors make better investment decisions.(杰西.利弗摩尔首创了一种测试策略,可帮助股票投资者做出更好的投资决策)。顺便提一下,利弗摩尔提出的probing, 是一种初期少量买入,后续乘胜加码的股票投资手法。Will之前见过一种说法叫“试盘”,我觉得将其用作上面例句中probing的中文翻译,尤为贴切。

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